Book Report On My College Career - 940 Words

Let me start by saying that I’ve improved somewhat throughout this course in regards to my writing capabilities. Though these skills are not perfect by any standards, it’s with some pride that I can say that they’ve developed somewhat. Specifically speaking, the categorizing of information from various articles with attribution to them when they’re used has gone up significantly. There were many times along the way that I would use the author’s ideas without properly accrediting them. Finding the information and resources to best suit my arguments was not an issue; however, incorporating citations to give credit to them was an issue. This letter will be mainly focused on the first paper, the summary, as it was my weakest attempt at writing a college level paper. Since the summary paper was the first paper I’ve written for my college career, I can firmly assert that it was the paper I was most confused on as to what was necessary to make it into a success. I felt as though I had managed to get many of the author’s views out into the open at the cost of some misinterpretation and unused in-text citation. McClelland’s ideas often mixed with my own, which served as a slippery slope to losing the context of who said what as you pointed out within the comments on the paper. A specific example would be in paragraph two of the unrevised paper 1. Another thing that ended up hindering my paper was the underdevelopment of some of the most important points to McClelland’s argumentShow MoreRelatedCost Benefits of Attending College1082 Words   |  5 PagesCollege is one of the better investments a person can make to enhance their life. Attending college sets you in the right direction to become a successful individual in the future. Yes, college takes time, and a great deal of money, but in the end it is all worth it. People who graduate from college are more likely to obtain a high end paying job than a person with just a high school education. The cost of attending college may be expensive, but, the outcome of it all is worth the wait. The mostRead MoreCareer Salary : Career Skills1552 Words   |  7 PagesSummary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Career Salary Comparison Accounting Salary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Financial Analyst Salary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Career Skills Comparison Accounting Skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Financial Analyst Skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Career Growth Comparison Accounting Jobs Forecast†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Career Options For Majors1689 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many career options for majors in the English language to choose from. The list of careers for them is quite large. Some of them are direct career options in which the skills required are so similar to the skills acquired while studying English that a degree in this field can serve as a credential for applying for and getting a job. There are also indirect career options where a degree in English is necessary but may not be sufficient for qualifying for the job. There are some remote carrierRead MoreThe Benefits Of College Education1019 Words   |  5 PagesAttending college is one of the biggest decis ions for an individual; one that will have a great life-changing opportunity. Because of the asking price for higher education is really expensive, why should students choose to go to college? A college education is a place that provides a person the chance to be successful in life, whether ethically or economically dependent on their goals. As a matter of fact, a higher education is about so much more than preparing students for their chosen career. CollegeRead MoreBiography of Maria Menounos1220 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Menounos an entertainment journalist. Maria started her career very early at the age of seventeen by winning the title of Miss Massachusetts Teen USA. Then is when her career began and started thriving through radio and television jobs. During her senior year of college enrolled at Emerson she got a job on Channel News One. This job helped launch her career while, reporting she was also trying to produce an independent film â€Å"In the Land of the Merry Misfit s†. However, the negative got stolenRead MoreMy Goals For My Career Goals910 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A goal defines a plan of action, acts as a continuous progress report on how well you are doing as you move toward chosen goals, it identifies exactly what achievement or success is for each person, and it tells you when its time to reset goals† according to Dennis Congos. Goals play an important role, when you’re in college. I have many goals but my top three goals for my educational career at Colorado Christian University are, getting an average of a 3.9 GPA in every class, staying in school andRead MoreDevelopment Needs Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesdocument I will be building on everything that I have mentioned in my â€Å"career plan and SMART target’s report† but I will be doing so by breaking them down into a more detailed and specific plan. So, all that you know so far about what my career goal is that I want to be an Investment Manager and that I will need to go to university in order for me to have the relevant qualifications needed to get there, as well as certain areas within my own personal ability an skills that I will need to work on suchRead MoreMandatory Schooling From Elementary Through High School1390 Words   |  6 Pagesas the candles on a fifth birthday cake are blown out there is a sudden and dramatic shift in priorities and the path to a career has begun. Common core, state testing, reports cards, and projects consume the years of mandatory schooling from Elementary through to High School. After the thirteen long years of schooling many students then robotically move directly into college, onward on the conveyor belt to graduation and hopefully to a successful job. However many students in Britain, Europe andRead MoreQuestions On Senior Year Of Highschool938 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue your educatio n career, but it is also the last chance for you to fix your writing and study skills. When your annoying English teacher gives you an assignment that looks daunting because the page count and the list of sources we have to use. Not only was this assignment given in the last semester of my high school career, but it was a necessary because I learned key things about writing a paper. The things I learned is what can help me succeed in my college and future careers. Right after springRead MoreA Passion Becomes A Career1179 Words   |  5 PagesA Passion becomes a Career A major part of growing up is finding where you belong in the world. Let me tell you a story of how my father made a decision that greatly changed his life. While in college he started down a path, a path he didn’t follow for he found the career that became his profession. Everyone has a purpose in their life and if you follow your passions you can live a happy and fulfilling life doing something you love. Even if you amass great fame and fortune, but you’re not happy

Early Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their...

â€Å"Early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan† is conveyed in the Jane Piaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas about how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal Operational Stage. At the same time, Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood. At every stage, a person will encounter a psychological crisis, the development of†¦show more content†¦He thinks that teenagers are rational beings who have rational thinking. Erik believes that at this stage, young people focus on decision-making and the independence of self-discovery. In adolescence I have experienced a period of rebellion, that period of time advocate personality, I like to make my own decisions, and not listen to the views of others, unconventionally. For example, when I gave up long hair, and got a short haircut, although the people around me opposed it, but I was still so happy and respected my own decisions. A logical early education has a great impact on an individual’s life. In comparison, these two theories in the laboratory survey of the control experiment emphasized that the scientific query method was similar.(Aldenir Araà ºjo 2012).I have a 4 years old niece, her illogical thinking is reflected in life through experiment. In her classification ability, she cannot understand that an object can be divided into a variety of ways. For example, she calls all plants with leaves â€Å"trees,† or all people with short hair â€Å"boy.† In contrast, however in Early Childhood, Adolescence and Their Significance,Piaget focused on cognitive development through psychological processes, which depends on asking questions and solving problem. Erikson focused on personality development; thus he draws conclusions no only questions but observation and clinical methods. In conclusion, Jane Piaget’s theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ andShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 Pagesidea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories believe that personality begins to develop from a young age and therefore occurrences in early life can haveRead MoreErikson s View Identity And Role Confusion1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthe lifespan following adolescence. These three additional stages include the ages of early adulthood through old age (Robbins, Chatterjee, Canada, 2012).These additional stages follow his ideaology that focuses on the Ego rather than the Id an d libidinal drives that Freud emphasized. Each stage continues to require a conflict resolution in order to successfully complete it. The final stage in Erikson s theory culminates with the acceptance of end life limitations and eventual end of life (SougstadRead MoreThe Importance Of Childhood Experiences Of Children And The Social And Economic Benefits Of Early Intervention1553 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscusses Importance of childhood experience to later life emotional, social and cognitive development into adulthood in the Uk, using the attachment and behaviorism theory to examine childhood experiences, as it forms parts of child’s development. I will be looking into the factors affecting social, emotional and cognitive development of children, strategies to improving service delivery of early intervention in children and the Social and economic benefits of early intervention. Attachment theoryRead MoreWhat Drives Adult Personality Development?1542 Words   |  7 PagesCosta’s five factor theory focuses on biological maturation and not life experiences (Specht et al., 2014). Meaning that innate biological processes may parallel physical fluctuations experienced in puberty. Many organisms go through stages of crucial development and reproduction events that include sexual and physical maturation (Specht et al., 2014). In turn, McCray and Costa hypothesized that higher levels of Openness to experience and Extraversion are detrimental to finding a mating partner whileRead MoreThe Goals Of Developmental Psychology1406 Words   |  6 Pageshuman growth and how it changes across an individual s lifespan. The way some of us think is highly superficial. Some of us tend to not question what exactly makes someone turn out the way they are. Essentially this calls upon developmental scientist to provide a studies on the variety of changes a person can go thro ugh and how that impacts them overall. Also, these types of scientists systematically observing the multitude of aspects that can sculpts a person s life. There are many theories thatRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pagesevery stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a child is very important. Erik Erikson’s developmentalRead MoreLosing Isiah1556 Words   |  7 PagesEarly childhood is the most important phase of development in one’s lifespan as the experiences during childhood sets t he course for later stages of development. It has been noted that a mother’s actions during pregnancy may influence the development of an infant. The developmental influences include prenatal, perinatal and neonatal environments. (Santrock, 2002) Although babies come into the world with no say or control over which family they will be placed into, or the environment in which theyRead MoreFactors Influencing A Person s Developmental Stages903 Words   |  4 Pagesterrifying experience can trigger change in a person, whether it happens quickly or sets in over time. The way a person is raised as a child has a huge impact on their perspective of life, and if they go through a traumatic experience, their perspectives can become severely damaged if they are not given the proper nurture and guidance. The attachment theory explains that relationships with primary caregivers during early development influence emotional and behavioral responses across the lifespan throughRead MoreThe, Nature Or Nurture? Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pageswhile Nature does have some affect on one’s disposition, Nurture by far has a greater effect on the development of one’s personality. While many believe that personality is already developed before birth, this statement is proven to be false. â€Å"Experience untimely rewrites 90 percent of a child’s personality traits, leaving an adult with only one tenth of his inborn temperament† (Peyser and Underwood par. 14). Environment is very important to personality development. Humans love to observe and learnRead MoreHow Do Attachment Based Relationships Relate With Development, Functioning And Well Being Across The Lifespan?1851 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopment, functioning and well-being across the lifespan? Attachment-based relationships stem from attachment behaviour, which is conceived as any form of behaviour that results in a person attempting, or retaining proximity to some other differentiated and preferred individual, who is usually perceived as stronger or wiser (Ainsworth, 1985). These relationships have a strong connection with the development, functioning, and well-being across the lifespan, in both parent-child relationships, and

Environmental Pollution

Question: Identify and discuss the sources of environmental pollution produced by the construction industry . Is there evidence that these sources of pollution are adequately controlled? Explain how you have arrived at your conclusion regarding control? Answer: Introduction In current times, environmental pollution has become a serious issue all over the nation. It has been affected the life and health of the people. Along with this, it is essential to control the environment pollution for the safety of people and environment also. This research paper would be helpful to describe the major sources of environmental pollution that are formed by the constructions industry. Moreover, the paper would also be useful to demonstrate the evidence that show that these sources of pollution are controlled in an adequate manner. In addition, the paper would also be beneficial to recommend procedures that could recover pollution control within the industry. Environmental Pollution Produced Sources The development business is additionally a noteworthy wellspring of ecological contamination as around 5% of gas discharges, more water contamination than different commercial enterprises and numerous commotion contamination dissensions in every year (Chan and Chan, 2004). The primary territories of ecological contamination delivered concern are air, water and clamor contamination by the development business these are: Air pollution sources: In the words of Morledge and Jackson (2001) development exercises, for example, land clearing, diesel motors use in operation, annihilation, smoldering, and working with harmful materials are the real sources that add to air contamination. All construction activities generate high levels of dust from cement, concrete, wood, stone, and silica that creates air pollution. Moreover, constructions related machines, loading or transportation vehicles, and heavy equipment use diesel that is the major source of generates air pollution as discharge huge carbon emission. Diesel motor depletes of vehicles and substantial hardware is likewise in charge of emanations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide that pollution air and environment of the area. Diesel and oils, treated woods, plastics, glues, thinners, paints, cleaners and other hazardous chemicals are used on construction projects that generate noxious vapors and air pollution (Morledge Jackson, 2001). The construction process most stages used chemicals, water and mixture of sand and cement that release the natural gas and generates air pollution. Water pollution sources: The authors Ortiz, Castells and Sonnemann (2009) state that, diesel and oil, cleaners chemicals, paints, other harmful toxic chemicals, building materials such as cement, and construction debris and dirt are major sources of water pollution on construction sites. While land or side is cleaned after competition of construction it causes soil erosion that runs into natural waterways turns water pollution Moreover, construction industry also required huge amount of water for build any construction or building that also affects the groundwater level (Ortiz, Castells and Sonnemann, 2009). Noise Pollution Sources: In the words of Pope, Dockery and Schwartz (1995), lots of noise produces from vehicles, machinery, heavy equipment and people shouting on a construction sites, so these are the major sources of noise pollution by the construction industry. Construction of building and over bridge required the use of vehicles, machinery, and heavy equipment to transport raw material and people as well as construction process that created noise pollution. Moreover, construction sites dumped toxic waste or harmful chemical in open areas and is not treating the waste properly or disposing it that created the pollutions and environmental issues related to water, air, soil and land. Construction companies or industry released pollute water release from Storage Rivers, lakes, tanks or dams, and water stockpiling compartments that influenced environment through dirty water, air and land (Pope, Dockery and Schwartz, 1995). Pollution Sources Adequately Controlled The above described the sources of pollution by the construction industry are adequately controlled through applied the pollution control methods and standards related to pollution control. In addition, the major construction companies and builders applied the latest technology oriented and environment friendly vehicles, machinery, and heavy equipment to reduce pollutions. The construction sites are mitigated noise pollution through constructing noise barriers such as earth mounds and vertical wall along the construction sites for creation of blockage of sound generated by heavy vehicles, machinery, and equipment. Moreover, the construction sites control dust by fine water sprays applied dampen down the site (Cole Rousseau, 1992). The construction sites wherever possible use non-toxic paints and non hazardous materials and materials not burning on site to control source of pollution. At the same time, the construction sites spread skips in addition to trucks stacked with development materials and in addition spread other building materials like bond, sand and other powers to stop dust spreading and to reduce air pollution. The construction companies collect wastewater created from development site exercises in settlement tanks and in addition discard remaining muck or waste as per ecological directions. In recent times, the construction companies use energy efficient vehicle and equipment engines to reduce the emission of gases and control the pollution (Haas, 1989). It evidences that a few demonstrations, laws, directions and standards must be trailed by the development organizations in the Australia to control the contamination for tackle the natural issue. Moreover, it is also evidenced that construction companies and construction sides solve the environmental problem or control the pollution sources through use the recycle, reuse, reduce use of materials, and waste administration procedures to diminish the contamination level and keep the earth. The development organizations and manufacturers are utilizing the water reuse and reuse methodology to control the water contaminations. The waste administration methodologies is the best approach to reuse, reuse and diminish utilization of materials and assets that are by the majority of the development organizations and builders to control pollutions sources for preventing the environment and protecting their stakeholders (Horvath, 2004). Moreover, construction companies, builders and construction sides apply the proper disposal of waste strategy to prevent the natural resources, climate and environment from pollutions. Conclusion Regarding Pollution Control The UK Environmental Agency and other government bodies are created pressure on the construction companies and builders to adequate control on the sources of environmental pollution through enforce environmental regulations. In recent times, environmental hardest regulations and the pollution fines have been high that could have been perceived as cheaper to apply pollution prevent strategies and techniques (Schwartz, 1994). Moreover, under the POEO Act, the environment protection authority (EPA) of the UK has issued environment protection licences to the owners, operators, and construction companies those involved in the construction or building projected with followed all aspects related to prevention from pollution, cleaner and safe production by applying the waste management techniques (reuse, recycle and reduce) (Spence Mulligan, 1995). The hardest regulations and the high pollution fines by the government bodies or environmental agency are changing the thinking or habits of the construction companies. Moreover, protection of the environment and population control is also become important strategy of develop reputation of a firm in the market through fill the corporate social responsibility (Faniran Caban, 1998). Pollutions reduce and control measures are cost-effective, so that the construction companies are corporate into environmental and waste management strategies. Moreover, through employing environmental practices and regulations, the construction industry is well positioned to adequately control on the sources of pollutions. Recommendation to Improve Pollution Control On the basis of the evidence provided related to environmental pollutions sources of the construction industry and the control if these sources, it can be stated that pollution generates by the construction companies. Therefore, some environmental pollution control measures would be applied to improve pollution control within the industry. The government bodies and the Environmental Agency could improve pollution control within the industry through applied the new regulations or measures related to pollution control. Pollution from the construction activities could be control through enforce regulations or measures related to construction dust, specified processes, smoke, fuel restrictions, and open burning restriction (Carpenter, and et al., 1998). Open burning of construction waste, rubber tyres, chemical hazards disposal, cables for metal salvage, wastes and other materials for clearance of a construction site could be prohibited due to thy cause serious pollutions. Commotion control measures could be actualized amid the development stage may include: Selection of proper plant, gear and working techniques. Use of silencers on development gear. Limiting the utilization and number of gear working near the delicate beneficiaries. Use of impermanent commotion boundaries to screen off development hardware from the touchy beneficiaries. (Davies and Mazurek 2014) The above commotion control measures could be considered by the development organization to minimize clamor contamination. Conclusion On the basis of the above conversation, it can be said that, environmental protection is the most important problem all over the world. Along with this, it is also observed that, in compare to other industries, the construction industry produces a huge amount of pollutants together with air, noise, water, and solid waste. In addition to this, the above suggested measures would be of assistance for the construction industry in order to improve pollution control within the industry in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Apart from this, eco-friendly construction would also be beneficial in order to reduce as well as control environmental pollution in an adequate way. References Carpenter, S.R., and et al., 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological applications, 8(3), pp.559-568. Chan, A.P. and Chan, A.P., 2004. Key performance indicators for measuring construction success. Benchmarking: an international journal, 11(2), pp.203-221. Cole, R.J. and Rousseau, D. 1992. Environmental auditing for building construction: energy and air pollution indices for building materials. Building and Environment, 27(1), pp.23-30. Davies, J.C. and Mazurek, J., 2014. Pollution Control in United States: Evaluating the System. Routledge. Faniran, O.O. and Caban, G. 1998. Minimizing waste on construction project sites. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 5(2), pp.182-188. Haas, P.M., 1989. Do regimes matter? Epistemic communities and Mediterranean pollution control. International organization, 43(03), pp.377-403. Horvath, A. 2004. Construction materials and the environment. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 29, pp.181-204. Morledge, R. and Jackson, F. 2001. Reducing environmental pollution caused by construction plant. Environmental Management and Health, 12(2), pp.191-206. Ortiz, O., Castells, F. and Sonnemann, G., 2009. Sustainability in the construction industry: A review of recent developments based on LCA. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), pp.28-39. Pope, C.A., Dockery, D.W. and Schwartz, J., 1995. Review of epidemiological evidence of health effects of particulate air pollution. Inhalation toxicology, 7(1), pp.1-18. Schwartz, J., 1994. Air pollution and daily mortality: a review and meta analysis. Environmental research, 64(1), pp.36-52. Spence, R. and Mulligan, H. 1995. Sustainable development and the construction industry. Habitat international, 19(3), pp.279-292.

There I was, standing high on top of a mountain Essay Example For Students

There I was, standing high on top of a mountain Essay There I was, standing high on top of a mountain. Standing alone and feeling the gentle breeze .My friends were all left behind and I wondered if I was lost! I shouted and tried to find out where my friends were. Once, twice, thriceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I tried, but no reply. I sat there waiting. No one came up for many hours. Where are all these people gone? Not a single clue of their presence. I realize I have come on the wrong track and getting back to the right track seems almost impossible. I can see no way to get back with my friends. I kept thinking of a solution to my problem. What do I do? How do I go? Again I shouted. This time, at God. I called for him, dear God. Can you hear me? I need your help and so I kept shouting. All in vain. No response. Silence! The only sound I heard wasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦MY ECHOES! It seemed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ like several voices shouting together. I kept saying, Oh God! I have so much faith in you. You are the one who is always there for everyone. You help everyone in there difficulties. Help me too. Please God help me I kept repeating these sentences. God didnt replyà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he gave me no clue. Oh God! I have so much of faith in you. You are the only one who is always there to help everyoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ We will write a custom essay on There I was, standing high on top of a mountain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Then all of a sudden I heard someone saying, Yes, my child. I am always there for you and here I am talking to you. I was shocked. Did I really hear something as such or was it just my pretension? Lets give another tryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I asked, Dear God, as you know, I have got fixed into a problem. I have got to reach to my friends or at least get down the mountain. Please tell me what should I do Only you can help me. And to my surprise someone did reply. It was God himself! He replied, Oh son of the Earth! There is a way and I could tell you thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦butà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can you take it as a challenge? Can you find the way on your own? As, if I were to do everything for everyone in the world then how could anyone have had experienced the best parts of the life But Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I was about to say further and he interrupted. There is nothing like butMY DEAR CHILD! Life is a challenge; take it. You like adventures dont you? I think you do and thats why you are on this excursion to the mountain. Remember I am always there for those who have faith in them and me too. But everything else, has to be done by you yourself and just see the result. You will receive the total satisfaction AND You will be the happiest person of the world

SWOT Analysis of Amazon

Selection Training of Pran Essays

Selection Training of Pran Essays Selection Training of Pran Essay Selection Training of Pran Essay Executive Summary Selection is a key component in the acquisition of human resources. Without a reliable and effective selection mechanism, a business can never flourish, especially in the present world of market economy, which is fiercely competitive. Big multinational corporate houses try to recruit the best people in order to continue their dominance in the market. In such circumstances, local firms should also be concerned and put their best to select best available persons Training is another component of human resource management, which needs special attention. Selecting the potential candidates will not serve the purpose until they are grouped up appropriately to meet the requirements of the job . At present many sophisticated techniques are Selection Training available for providing training to employees. But unfortunately, in Bangladesh, traditional techniques, whose affectivity is relatively lower, are mostly used . There are ample scopes in most of the local organization to enhance the performance level of employees by adequate and effective training programs. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is my pleasure to acknowledge the effort of the report of â€Å"Selection and Training process in PRAN Group† and lecturer’s, students and other personnel for supporting such a nice program, from which I have earned a wonderful experience. I would like to thank my honorable advisor and course coordinator Ms. Farzana Elahi Asian University of Bangladesh , for providing proper guidance and help to complete the research project. I would also like to acknowledge the following personnel and classmates for helping me to make report in several ways. Iqbal Hossain (Manager, HRD PRAN Group) Mamunur Rashid (GM, PRAN Group) 1. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To study the selection process and selection devices used in PRAN group. To study the training programs and methods used in PRAN Group. To evaluate the selection process and training programs of PRAN Group. To coordinate the theories of selection and training in a real life Situation. To coordinate the scope of improvement in the selection and training of PRAN Group. 2 Methodologies Reviewing the theory of selection and Recruitment Selection of the organization to be studied. Determining the variables required. Developing a questionnaire on the basis of required information. Interviewing the personnel orally and with the questionnaire. Studying the supplied materials by the organization. Analyzing the collected materials and information. Correlating the analyzed information with theory. Assessing the overall selection and training procedures in PRAN Group. 3 Limitations of the study It was often difficult to correlate theory with practice as the selection and training processes of PRAN Group, which is not very well defined and systematic. Due to secrecy of business strategy, the authority of PRAN GROUP did not disclose much in-depth information regarding organization. Corporate executives usually remain very busy. It is difficult to get adequate time from them. More importantly, sometimes they expressed once, which was embarrassing for the authors. 1 History of PRAN PRAN is the brand name of Agricultural Marketing Co. Ltd. (AMCL). It was launched in 1983 as an agricultural business. The company was established to serve diverse purposes like serving small farmers with inputs, marketing farm products, organizing contract growers to grow specific crops and exporting of agricultural products. PRAN stands for 11 â€Å"Program for Rural Advancement Nationally†. The Mission of the company is to generate employment opportunity and to earn dignity and self-respect for their compatriots. The objective of the company is to achieve social values with sustainable pecuniary advantage. The company is very much vertically integrated that starts from the mango cultivation up to the finished products in different forms. The company makes available farm inputs at the farmers doorstep. They go for cultivation and processing of hybrid tomato, baby corn and mango through contract farmers on commercial scale. PRAN has latest technology that can produce pineapple round the year. PRAN also introduced tissue culturing, cultivation, processing, canning and dehydration of the mushrooms on commercial basis. In the factory it has food processing plant and pulping plant, which supply the ingredients for the main plant. Unlike other companies who are importing raw materials from other countries, PRAN is basically trying to help the farmer community of Bangladesh. Country can be proud to have PRAN because it is made from our mango and sugar. AMCL set up its bottling and canning factory on 8 acres of land in May 1991. Over the years the factory has expanded substantially in all spheres of food processing such bottling, canning, pulping, pickling, concentrating, dehydrating as well as installation of Bangladeshs first tetra pack facility for juices and modem extrusion plant for snack food. Machinery for all these lines are being installed, expanded, modified and fabricated continuously. PRAN became very successful competing with strong multinational companies like Coke, Pepsi, and big companies from different parts of the world from very beginning. It has a strong distribution channel, which helped the company to become successful in the beverage industry. One other important factor that is needed to sustain in this business is to have a very strong market. Though Bangladesh is a highly populated country with 120 million people, there are very few people who can afford to have a quality product like PRAN. If market grows and over all macro economic condition improves then companies like PRAN can sell high volumes. For the development of beverage industry three things are needed. One is company like PRAN should come with quality products, good distribution network and important thing is increasing the income level of people to afford quality products. 2 Subsidiary Enterprises PRAN Group is one of the fastest growing corporate houses in the country. It has got quit good number of subsidiary enterprises, which includes: Property Development Ltd. (PDL): This is the oldest enterprise of PRAN Group. The Group was established on the profit made by PDL. This enterprise is one of the pioneers in apartment business in Dhaka. Property Lifts: It is a new enterprise of PRAN Group. It imports elevators and other accessories to meet the growing demand of modern lifts and escalators. Rangpur Foundry Ltd. (RFL): This is an established engineering enterprise, which focuses to meet the demand of rural community of Bangladesh. A tube well made by RFL is most prominent in the country. Agricultural Marketing Co Ltd. (AMCL): AMCL was started as a fruit processing enterprise. Gradually, other sectors of food industry (e. g. Chips, mineral water, Tomato Ketchup etc. ) were also incorporated in the manifold of AMCL. At present, AMCL has become the flagship enterprise of PRAN Group. Most of the resources of PRAN Group are now devoted for the growth and operation of AMCL. In the long run, the group intends to become a global leader in the field of agricultural industry. 3 Products of PRAN The average sales growth of PRAN is more than 70%, which is an extraordinary growth. PRAN is in bottles, tetra packs, and in plastic bottles. RAN currently producing and marketing the following products: ? Mango, Orange and Pineapple juice, ? Pineapple slices, ? Orange, Apple and Litchi drink, ? Mushrooms, gherkin, mango, pineapple, lemon and orange squashes, ? Mango, mixed fruit and Pineapple jams, ? Orange and Apple jelly, ? Tomato ketchup, ? Mango, Olive, Chili, Garlic, Jujube and Satkora pickles ? White and Malted vinegar ? Rose Kewra flavored water, ? Mineral water ? Dehydrated Banana, Jackfruit, Mango and Pineapple. ? Full cream liquid Milk etc. 4) Present Activities of PRAN PRAN exports processed and semi-processed fruits, vegetables and mushroom products to U. S. A. , UK, France, Italy, Australia Germany, India, Nepal, and Bhutan etc. It is focusing heavily on export of their products to many parts of the world. PRAN has a state of the art modern food processing plant, which many other countries do not have today. PRAN has lots of loyal customers. Right now PRAN is producing 7000 to B cases a day. PRAN is setting u p a new machine, which will be able to produce 15000 cases a day and the total production will be 23000 cases a day. The quality control measures of PRAN are much stricter than any other company. PRAN is selling their products to Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Hotel Sonargaon and Sheraton and many other companies. This year PRAN has started production of snakes. They will also introduce confectionery products. They are planning to process aseptic bagging and storage juices for the local market. It is trying to tie up joint ventures with India to make PRAN plant in India and Nepal. PRANs target is to go out of Bangladesh and compete in the global level, which will bring foreign currency to our country. It has also several futures backward forward expansion plans like expansion of bottling, packing and tetra-pack line. It is also planning to set up 3000 MT capacity cold storage, potato cultivation, processing, freezing, pineapple plantation, export of mango, pineapple and tomato juice and paste, production of dairy milk products, set up poultry project, production of potato chips and French fries. (A) Steps in Selection Process 1. Getting Requisition of the Vacant Posts Prior to the selection process a requisition of the vacant posts is obtained from the CEO as per approved by the individual department heads. Then starts actual searching of suitable candidates. Internal search is done first, and if necessary then external search is done. 2. Raising Advertisement In case of internal search an advertisement of specified pattern (attached in the appendix) is circulated over the various department notice board. If no suitable candidates are found in internal search, an option of head hunting comes first. A sample notice of head hunting is also included in appendix. Then the company goes to advertise in the renowned national daily newspaper. Specifically, for mid level and top level management, the company directly goes to newspaper advertisement. The higher the position in the organization the more specialized the skills, or the shorter the supply of that kind in the labor market, the more widely dispersed the advertisement 3. Receiving Application Form Always more than adequate numbers of candidates submit application. These applications usually include the candidates name, letter address and phone numbers. PRAN Group doesnt provide these application forms. Applicants submit their curriculum vitae or comprehensive Personal profile with me application form. So the company gets a synopsis of what the applicants have been doing during their adult life, their skill and accomplishments. It is to note that PRAN Group doesnt bother about initial screening of selection process. 4. Short Listing the Candidates In PRAN Group during short listing, at first, a preliminary review of potentially acceptable candidates is made- Then the selectors are confronted with a number of potential candidates. Based on the curriculum vitae, job description, and job specification some of these respondents are eliminated- Factors that lead to a negative decision include inadequate or inappropriate experience or similarly inadequate or inappropriate education. For an example, how they make the short list of candidates we can mention that recently they seek a production manager having 5 7 years related experience. For this post several application forms were received. Among these one was such that the applicant is currently doing job in a project getting Tk. 50000 salary per month. He did his graduation from a British University having related job experience of 5 years. As the selection committee knows about the range of salary package, and considering other practical aspects they initially rejected that application form. 5. Preparing and Sending Interview Cards On receipt of application forms the short listed candidates are considered to receive interview cards. Specially, for mid4evel and top4evel management posts, interview cards are issued. These interview cards are usually sent in normal national postal service. Applicants are given no TA (transport allowance) or DA (day allowance). The company bears no responsibility of Accidentally missing interview cards. 6. Employment Tests Usually employment tests are designed for lower-mind and mid level management posts. These tests usually include intelligence, aptitude, ability, and interest tests. However, many of the general intelligence tests have a disparate impact on minorities. But, the company doesnt pay attention to alter the existing test procedure through validity testing. 7. Final Comprehensive Interview After employment tests being held, every individual candidate is taken to face a comprehensive interview. Since, in the PRAN Group, there is no initial screening interview; in this comprehensive interview the management describes the job in enough detail to the candidates so that whether they were really serious about the job. The management also bargains about salary range with the applicants. They check whether the applicant is willing to work at any place in the country where their office is available. In the PRAN Group, the final comprehensive interview the selection department officials, the Officials of the department that has vacant post(s) and an official of legal administration interview applicants. The interviewers try to probe into that hidden area of the applicants that cant be addressed by the application form of tests viz. ssessing ones motivation, ability to work under pressure, and ability to fit in with the organization. 7. 1 Modalities of Interview Process Usually the interview board comprises of 3/4 persons. Before the interview starts, interviewers are supplied with all the information of the candidates. This includes the curriculum vitae and the result of the written test. There are no predetermined criteria of evaluation or questions. Interviewers ask questions according to their indi vidual judgment. Interviewers together usually give a combined grade. That is, after the departure of a candidate from the room; interviewers discuss among themselves regarding the strong and weak points of the candidate and compare the candidate with other candidates. Finally, with the consent of other members of the board, the chairman of the interview board gives a final grade. That grade is considered as the opinion of the whole board. 7. 2 Features of Interview: The following features characterize the interview process, typically carried out in PRAN group. Qualifications evaluated. Through the interview process, it is tried to ascertain whether the applicant is serious to get the appointment. The management of PRAN Group does not want to face a situation where they select the best available person in terms of education, written test score and other qualifications; but who does not feel motivated to do the concern job. Interviewers. Interview board in PRAN Group typically consists of the representatives from HRM Department, representatives of the concerned department for which employee is being selected and sometimes representatives of the CEO. No training for the Interviewers. Interviewers are not given any special training for taking interview. It is assumed that since the persons taking the interview are related with the job (a senior official of the concerned department, for which appointment is being made is always present), so the selection would be flawless. No structured questionnaire: Interviewers ask different questions to different applicants using their discretion and experience. No standard score sheet. After departure of an applicant, chairman of the interview board discusses with other members of the board and they reach a consensus regarding a grade to be provided to the applicant. The chairman thus gives the final grade. 8. Making List of Suitable Candidates After having a comprehensive interview, the selection committee (headed by the responsible department head) makes a list of suitable candidates who may be selected finally. Specially, written test scores are given more weightage. If an applicant perform poorly in the final comprehensive interview, he still has opportunity to be selected depending upon his written test score. However, sometimes the selection committee selects candidate if the candidate perform very well during the interview. 9. Final Employment decision This crucial decision always takes the Chief Executive Officer of the PRAN Group. The CEO takes a list of suitable candidates from the selection committee (headed by the responsible department head) from which he selects the final candidates. The CEO may ignore the suggested candidate without showing any reason. Suppose, the selection committee has selected a candidate looking at her agile and intelligent performance during interview ignoring his poor performance in written test, the CEO can discard that candidate outright. However, the manager in the department that had the position should make the actual final decision open. The applicant will eventually work for this manager not for the chief executive officer and therefore a good fit between the boss and the employee is necessary- Moreover, if the decision of selecting that applicant will appear wrong the concerned department manager will be solely responsible. (2)Elements of Selecting Applicants The following elements are considered in selection process (1) Education of the candidate (2) Age of the candidate (3) Personality (4) Political involvement (5) Profession 6) Social involvement (7) Discipline (8) Work Experience (9) Reasons for changing Job (10) Pattern of the job change (11) Salary requirement (12) Reasons of applying (1) Introductions Every organization needs to have well-trained and experienced. People to perform the activities We have to be done. If current or potential job occupants can meet this requirement, training is not important. When this is not the case, it is necessary to raise the skill levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of employees- As jobs have become more complex, the importance of employee training has increased. The PRAN-Group is a conglomerate company and Wishes to be one of the top companies in the country as well as in the world; it needs highly skilled and trained employees. Realizing the importance of training, PRAN has set up a different department for training, named Training Department. (2) The Organogram of Training Department Though the training department is not a big one as other departments, it does a huge task every year. The head of this department is Chief Trainer and a Junior Executive assists him. This department is under direct supervision of Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Thus this department gets very importance within the group. The organogram of this department is shown bellow. (3 ) Training Need Assessment CEO Chief Trainer (PRAN-Group) Junior Executive Fig: Organogram of Training Department This is the vital part of training. Before designing training program it needs to assess the training It is surprising that there was no formal or planned training need assessment system in PRAN Group though they consider training as the vital part of the organization. Without prior assessment they used to do some pre selected training every years and years. Of course the training that they used to give is nevertheless less important yet it demands appropriate training needs assessment. This year they have realized the needs of assessment and accordingly have launched a training need assessment system. They have designed an assessment form to be filled up by various departments. From that form they will the areas of training needs and will design the training program accordingly- However they used to assess training needs by the following ways. (a) What are the organizations goals? (b) What tasks must be completed to achieve these goals? (c) What are the behaviors necessary to complete the tasks? (d) What are the deficiencies the employees have? (4) Formal Employee-Training Methods There are two types of training methods followed by PRAN. These are on- the-job training and off-the-job training. . 1 On-the-job Training The most widely used methods of training take place on the job. This can be attributed to the simplicity of such methods and the impression that they are less costly to operate. On-the -job training places the employees in an actual work situation and makes them appear to be immediately productive. It is learning by doing. For jobs that either are difficult to simulat e or can be learned quickly by watching and doing, on4heAob training makes sense. One of the drawbacks to on4heAob training can be low productivity while the employees develop their skills. Another drawback can be the errors made by the trainees while they learn. However, when the damage the trainees can do is minimal, where training facilities and personnel are limited or costly, and where it is desirable for the workers to loam the job under normal working conditions, the benefits of on-the-job training frequently offset its drawbacks. Apprenticeship Programs: Employees seeking to enter skilled trades to become, for example, special machine operators are often required to undergo apprenticeship training before they are accepted to journeyman status. Typically, this apprenticeship period is two to five years. In PRAN this period is for only six months. This period is often called Probationary period. During the apprenticeship period, the trainee is paid less than a fully qualified worker is. Job Instruction Training (JIT) This is one of the most systematic approaches to train employees. This program is usually carried out in the factories for those employees, who are in the operative positions. JIT consists of four basic steps: Preparing the trainees by telling them about the job and overcoming their uncertainties. The basic instructions are: o Breaking down the job o Preparing an instruction plan o Putting the learners at ease Presenting the instruction, giving essential information in a clear manner. The instructions are: o Telling o Showing o Demonstration o Explaining Having the trainees try out the job to demonstrate their understanding. The basic instructions are: ? Have the learner talk through the job. ? Have the learner instruct the supervisor on how the job is done. ? Let the learner do the job. Provide feedback both positive and negative. ? Let the learner practice. Placing the workers into the job, on their own, with a designated resource person to call upon should they need assistance. The basic instructions are: ? Checking progress frequently at first. ? Telling the learner whom to go to for help. ? Gradually taper off progress checks. 4. 2 Off-the-job Training Most of the training covered by this company is off-the-job training. Most of these training programs are conducted ar e in the premises of the training department and in the factory of the company. Sometimes the company arranges training outside the company. There are variety techniques that are followed to provide such training. The mostly used technique is classroom lectures. The other techniques are films, demonstrations, case studies and other simulation exercises. Classroom lectures This is well-adapted method to convey specific information-rules, procedures, or methods. Most of the off-the-job training programs are conducted by this method. Sometimes the use of overhead projector (OHP), films and demonstration make the session interesting. The lectures that are given are well structured and formatted. Mainly the chief trainer and junior executive trainer take these lectures. For some training programs the head of different departments also give lectures. These lectures mainly cover the detailed view of the respective departments. The department heads give information about the type of jobs, their internal organizational structure, and areas of responsibilities etc. After each day lecture an exam is taken to get the feedback from the employees. And at the end of the training session a comprehensive exam is taken and the evaluated score is send to the CEO for his consideration. Films PRAN is a large group and it is not an easy task for each employee to get the overall picture of the organizational structure and its activities. There is every possibility that many employees will be in the dark about their organization. Though it is not so much necessary for the employees to know about the whole organization to perform their duties, the vastness of the company may give the employees additional motivation and a sense of security of their jobs. Further more the understanding of the organization will help the employees to understand the organizational goals and their future plans. It will help the employees to be prepared mentally for the forthcoming challenges. With this view the training department arranges films show for the new entries. Demonstration Sometimes during the training session the trainees are asked to demonstrate the behavior on which they are being trained. As for example for sales training, trainees are asked to mockup the behavior that they will exhibit during sales for convincing the clients. This type of training removes the inertia of the employees and helps the employees to be friendly and free with other employees. This is considered as an important part of the training program. Case study Case study programs are usually done for those, who are in the managerial position. But these types of programs are very occasionally done. In fact the training department is not matured and equipped (qualified personnel) enough to arrange such programs. More over the training department concentrates mainly on employee training who will work in the field and in the factory. Training outside the company Sometimes the company arranges training programs outside of the company. These training programs are mainly for engineers. The engineers are sending to Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB). Some top and mid level personnel are sending to Chambers. Because the personnel of the training department are not capable to provide such technical training. These training programs need fund and the, company is always ready to such funds. In one occasion the company sends an engineer to Japan for advanced special training. (5)Types of Training provided The training department arranges various types of training programs for different purposes and for different levels. There are some basic courses for all and some refresher courses. The detailed classification of the training programs is shown bellow. New employee training program This is the basic orientation program for the new management trainee for the head office. This is a three days program. Here the trainees are given a detailed @ about the total organization and usually conducted by different department heads. Mid management level training program This training is only for mid management level. The purpose of this training is to develop managerial skill and increase their job performance efficiency. Factory management training This is behavior- modification training and given to the factory supervisors. The purpose of this training is to modify the behavior of the supervisors to supervise the employees and to exhibit such behavior that are necessary to with co-workers to attain the desired production level. Sales training This training is for the employees of the sales department. The purpose of this training is to help the sales person to perform their work activities. This includes method of filling the sales form, the sales technique, the company sales policy, distribution channel etc. There is two of this type of training programs. They are: ? Basic sales course for new entries Senior sales management training ? Junior sales management training. Factory training There are two types: Factory union training Distribution loaders Factory union training: PRAN has labor union in its entire factory. To handle the unions the training department gives training to employees and supervisors. Any disruption in the production would hamper its market share. So the department gives employees some behavioral modification training to have an effective and efficient employee union. Distribution loaders: PRAN has a very effective distribution network and skilled work force. To ensure smooth distribution the department frequently gives necessary training to its employees Store management training This training program is for store employees of factory and head office. Office assistant training This training is given to the employees, who work as office assistant. Distribution sales management training This is vital training as sales managers play a vital role for the growth of the company. This program mainly includes the techniques of sales decisions that are taken frequently on the spot by the managers. It also includes the making of future sales forecast for planning purposes. Material management training PRAN procure raw materials from inside the country as well as from outside of the country. It handles raw material which are highly perishable in nature such mango, tomato, orange pineapples etc. To handle such raw materials it requires special training. The training department provides such training to the employees who deal with material management. Supervisors training PRAN has a huge supervising force. It has sales supervisors, distribution and loading supervisors, factory supervisors etc. Depending on the type of works supervisors are given different training . Basic English course In the near future the training department is planning to introduce this course for management level employees. As PRAN is going into joint venture with some international companies, it is considering to preparing the employees to fit in the international business atmosphere. Further more, now English is required in all respects of office works. PRAN follows English in most its official works. But as our present education system doesnt ensure good command on English for the graduates, it is preparing to introduce English Course in training program. (6) Future Plan of Employee Training The training department is planning to need basis training instead of course basis. At present the department is offering different preset training programs for different employees. Sometimes it overlooks the real needs of the appropriate training. So the department has planned for offering need-basis training and for this it is preparing a systematic procedure for assessment of training needs. The idea behind this training is that though existing training programs are doing a lot for the development of the skills and behavior of the employees, it needs a change due to change in corporate culture and competitiveness among the organizations. The vision of this group is to be top organization in all respects. To cope its employees with all these change in the global business atmosphere it requires immediate review of all the present training programs. In this circumstance the company is planning to take a modem approach for its training programs. With this view PRAN is going for following need basis training. (1) Findings about Selection Discreet selection Process PRAN Group follows a discrete selection process that comprises of mainly application form, written tests, and comprehensive interview. Initial screening, physical examination, and background investigation are not in the selection process of PRAN Group. No Structured Interview Interview taken during the selection process is not structured. Interviewers ask questions according to their discretion. All the applicants are not asked the same questions. Final Employment Decision Final Employment Decision in PRAN Group is taken by the CEO. Reliability of Selection Tests There is no proof of reliability of the selection devices used in PRAN Group. Validity of Selection Tests In most cases there is no evaluation of the validity of selection devices in PRAN Group. However, in few cases, such as mid level management positions, content validity exists. Applicants of mid-level management positions are often given tests, which resembles actual job. Emphasis on Written Test The top management emphasizes most on written test. Person with poor performance in interview can expect to be employed if he / she had done well in the written test. But the reverse is not true. Variable cut score Cut scores in the selection tests are frequently changed considering the environmental change. If number of applicants is quite big relative to job openings, then a high cut-score is set. On the contrary, if number of qualified applicants is relatively low, then a moderate or law cut-score is fixed. No quota There is no quota system in PRAN Group for selecting an employee. The sole criterion of getting selected is ones qualifications. (2) Findings about Training Absence of Paper Training need Assessment No comprehensive system is there to determine the training need of the employees of PRAN Group. Training programs provided are determined by the traditional view about the training needs (e. g. employees need basic training course to know about the organization). With the changing circumstances, it is not possible for the management to know about the changing pattern of training needs of the employees well in advance. Diversified Training Program Training department of PRAN Group provides variety of training programs to cater the need of the employees. Employees are trained about desired behavior, about the Objective and operation Of the Organization; even they are trained on trade unions. Such diversified array of training programs is a plus point for PRAN Group as various types of training needs can be fulfilled using internal resources. Lack of Management Development programs Though there are ample scope and arrangements of training for employees, but the training opportunity for the managers is relatively low. Special and customized need of managers cannot be fulfilled by the training programs provided by the training department of PRAN Group. Poor Evaluation Of the effectiveness of Training Programs At present, sales volume and Annual Confidential Report are considered as an index to determine the effectiveness of a training program. 13ut there could e many reasons besides training, such as Provision of incentives, need for growth etc. which could have affected the sales volume or ACR of an individual. No mechanism is there to filter the effectiveness of training program alone. Moreover, in many cases the evaluation of the effectiveness is based fully on the subjective perception of individuals. Less Simulation Exercises Training methods employed in PRAN Group are mostly lecture-oriented. There is a dearth of simu lation exercises. Though limited opportunity of simulation exercises. Like mock sales by the sales representative or case study by the line managers are there in PRAN Group, but overall quantity of such training mechanism is low. (1) Recommendations About Selection Increase of Reliability and Validity of the Selection Devices No measure of reliability of the selection devices used in PRAN Group has yet been done. Validity of the devices is also very low. To enhance the possibility of choosing the right candidate, reliability and validity of the selection devices should be taken into consideration. For this purpose, advice of a management expert might be taken. Introduction of Structured Interview Interviews should be structured in order to have n increased reliability. A fixed set of questions should be presented to every applicant. Thus a more consistent and unbiased result might be reached. Avoidance of Prior information before the Interview Placing the curriculum vitae and scores of written test in front of the interview board beforehand causes a possibility of bias. This practice should be stopped in order to have unbiased result. Training of Interviewers Interviewers should know about how to take interview in order to select the suitable employee. Brief training might be provided to the interviewers for this purpose. Introduction of Realistic Job Preview In order to remove undue and inflated ideas of applicants regarding the job or the organization, realistic job preview should be emphasized. At present, there is no way that an aspirant employee can know about the problems and hardship associated with the job. If an employee knows beforehand about the negative points of the job and then join, then the possibility of turnover would decrease significantly. So, realistic job preview should be provided to the applicants. This may be done by providing brochures, or script made up of realistic statements that accurately portray the job. Introduction of Physical Examination Appearance always does not reflect the true health of an individual. So, a basic physical examination should be applicable to all new recruits just to ensure that they have the minimum qualifications needed to bear the stress of the workload. (2) Recommendations about Training Training Need Assessment To develop and implement an effective training program, it is important to know the areas where training is mostly needed. There should be specific mechanism whereby the management can know which type of training is needed by the employees and take action accordingly. The management can adopt any of the following methods to determine training needs: Observation and analysis of job performance, Management and staff conferences, Analysis of job requirements, Consideration of current and projected changes etc. Comprehensive Evaluation of Training Effectiveness No systematic and flawless evaluation method is followed in PRAN Group to evaluate the effectiveness of different training programs. Minimizing subjective perception, the management should try to evaluate the training programs quantitatively. While measuring the effectiveness of a training program, effort should be there to ensure that other factors besides training do not contaminate the final result. Experimental-control group method would be better to evaluate the training programs. Use of Simulation Exercises Simulation techniques are very effective for training, especially for management development. At present, the use of simulation techniques is not sufficient. More simulation techniques like, case study, decision games, and role plays should be used in order to make the training programs more effective. More Personnel for the Training Department At present, only two persons look after the training department. They have the responsibility to determine the training needs of employees, as well as to develop and implement the training programs. Though, experts of other departments often come to training department as instructor and this reduces the workload of the two personnel of training department to a certain extent; but still the departments need more personnel to carry out its operation smoothly. Inclusion of New Training Programs: Training programs provided by the training department of PRAN Group are not adequate enough to meet the changing requirements of the employees. To keep track with the fast moving corporate world and market economy, PRAN Group should introduce new training programs. APPPENDIX Bibliography Gary Dessier –7th Edition John . M. lvancevich- 7th Edition Milcovich5th Edition M. Omar Ali –2nd Edition Ricky W. Griffin –7th Edition

Week3-3dq3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week3-3dq3 - Essay Example For the purpose of this paper, it will concentrate on the logical view. As its name suggests, everything should follow what the approach feels is logical, without much deviation. It normally followed the Booch Method; an object oriented language, although Booch has mostly been overtaken by Unified Modeling Language (UML). However, Booch is still being taught at most universities, normally called Rational Booch after the company Grady Booch was working at when he developed the method. Rational has since been acquired by IBM. Salehie points out that the logical view should be used first in the process, during the documentation phase (Ibid 2004). The primary documented approach of the logical view is concerned how the end system interacts or reacts with its stakeholders and what service it would exactly provide. IBM has a software tool called â€Å"Rational Rose† which uses UML. Something like biology, the logical view with Rational Booch uses â€Å"classes† to identify certain architecturally significant items and the classes are further broken down into class diagrams (groups of related classes) and class templates (each template is only concerned with one specific class). Meanwhile, items common to all of the classes are referred to as class utilities. As Kruchten says (1995), â€Å"the numerous adornments are not very useful† during the logical view, referring to a confusing array of symbols. So various standardized symbols are used for simplicity’s sake. Even the lines have a certain significance and the key should explain what each means. As an example, he used the example of a modest PBX telephone system versus the blueprint of a complicated national air traffic control system. Using different symbols, Kruchten was able to document both blueprints using a single one for each (he had many years of experience in both industries). If there is a keyword for the technology of this era, it is

What skills and knowledge do creative entrepreneurs require in the Essay

What skills and knowledge do creative entrepreneurs require in the contemporary creative economy - Essay Example lls, quite valuable in the fashion industry, seem to be self-motivation, business-management, cooperation, understanding of cultural heritage and risk-taking. These skills are analyzed below, as involved in entrepreneurial efforts made in the fashion industry. My personal experience in the fashion industry is also explained at the level that it will help me to realize my creative practitioner career development plan; indeed, after finishing my degree, I’m planning to start my own fashion magazine. My experience in the fashion industry, as analyzed below, will help me to develop this plan successfully avoiding risks and failures, as possible. The paper aims to show that the effective involvement of entrepreneurs in the fashion industry is closely related not just to their personal skills and experience but also to their ability to respond to the needs of creative entrepreneurship, which is highly developed in the fashion industry. As already noted above, the characteristics of entrepreneurship are likely to be differentiated in each industrial sector. For example, in creative industries, emphasis is given on the ‘social culture of entrepreneurship’ (Henry and De Bruin 2011, p.30). From this point of view, the success of an individual as an entrepreneur in creative industries is depended on his ability to communicate and cooperate in order to promote a particular creative project. In other words, in the context of the Creative Economy, entrepreneurship can be considered as similar to socialization. The relationship between entrepreneurship and the Creative Economy can be understood by referring to the characteristics of entrepreneurship. According to Curran and Stanworth an effective definition of entrepreneurship would be the following one: ‘entrepreneurship is the process of creating a new economic entity centred on a novel product or service’ (Curran and Stanworth 1989, p.12, cited by Araya 2010, p.104). The above definition introduces another

Junior Seminar class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Junior Seminar class - Essay Example l Wild Animals made up 58.3% of the animals featured, Real Domesticated Animals made up of 8.3% of the animals featured, Fantasy Wild Animals made up of the animals featured, and Fantasy Domesticated Animals made up 25.0% of the animals featured. The magazine was made up of 62 pages which means that there was an animal featured for every 5 magazine pages. It is also interesting to note that except for the bird, no other animal was featured twice in the magazine. Other animals featured include the Marine Iguana, Wild Tortoise, Ocelot, Crab, Sea Lion, Elephant, Shark, Monkey, Crocodile, Water Buffalo, and the Horse. Given the nature of the statistics taken from these data, it can be inferred that the publication places a focus on nature and its elements because of the high rate of animals featured in it. The society may also be expected to be a nature loving one because of the emphasis placed on exotic creatures. It may also be noted that a great degree of importance is placed on the animals because of the advertisements and articles made that feature

Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) in Psychopathology

Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) in Psychopathology Future Directions for research: What makes the Differential Susceptibility approach appealing to Psychopathology and Wellbeing researchers alike? The Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST) has attracted a huge amount of research in recent years from researchers in the field of wellbeing and psychopathology for a variety of reasons. This essay will examine both the dominant diathesis-stress model and DST and highlight how the knowledge of DST can improve wellbeing and reduce psychopathology. It has been widely demonstrated by decades of research that health and developmental disorders are more prevalent among people from high-risk families (Luthar, 2006; Boyce, 2007; Shonkoff, Boyce, McEwen, 2009). Studies abound to demonstrate that childhood physical, emotional abuse and neglect impair development from lack of concentration to aggression, fighting, stealing, truanting and antisocial activities (Wayne, 1989). There is however a prominent variation in the physical health and psychological adjustment of both children and adults who experienced both high and low degrees of adversity (Luthar, 2006; Masten Obradovic, 2006). The dominant theory that accounts for the above phenomenon is the diathesis-stress/dual risk model, which emphasizes vulnerability to environment. It postulates that psychopathology develops as a result of an interaction between due to vulnerabilities/diatheses (temperamental, biological, and/or behavioural characteristics) in a particular person and environmental stress (Monroe Simmons, 1991). Hence, an individual facing great environmental stress will not need to have many underlying vulnerabilities to develop psychopathology. The same outcome can be true for an individual with greater vulnerabilities but a minor stressful event (Ingram Luxton, 2005). On the other hand, DST emphasizes developmental plasticity- individual differences in neurobiological susceptibility to environmental factors (Belsky, 2005). Belsky (2005) postulates that plasticity functions in a for-better-and-for-worse manner: more â€Å"plastic† individuals experience more positive outcomes in positive environments as well as more negative outcomes in aversive environments. DST has received support from many studies. Boyce et al.’s (1995) study on biological reactivity and environmental adversities as predictors of respiratory conditions in children aged between 3 and 5 yields a credible result. The study found that highly biologically reactive children who were exposed to childcare or home environments of high adversity experienced substantially higher illness than other children while highly biologically reactive children who experienced lower adversity conditions (better supportive childcare) experienced the lowest illness rates. More recent studies come from Hankin et al.’s (2011) three different studies that investigated the 5-HTTLPR genotype in 1,874 children and adolescents (between 9- and 15-year-old) and how the degree of supportive or unsupportive parenting may influence their behaviours. Hankin et al. (2011) found that the ‘homozygous for the functional short allele of 5-HTTLPR were more responsive to parenting as environmental context in a â€Å"for better and worse† manner’, that genetically susceptible youth whose parents were unsupportive displayed low levels of positive affect while genetically susceptible youth who experienced supportive parenting displayed higher levels of positive affect. There are a variety of reasons why researchers of well-being and psychopathology find DST appealing. The most significant difference between DST and the dominant diathesis-stress model is that the latter do not consider the effects of a positive environment. This is because it is of the view that there is no significant difference in how vulnerable or resilient groups respond to enriched supportive or environmental conditions (Belsky Pluess, 2009). Consequently, many studies only focus on adversity and its absence (e.g., maltreatment vs. no maltreatment) and do not measure the complete range of environments. Neither do they consider the complete range of psychological/behavioural functioning (just maladjustment and its absence, e.g., depressed vs. not depressed). In addition, DST may help researchers to elucidate the defining characteristics of resilience. Under the diathesis-stress model, children with particular attributes such as positive temperament and do not suffer expected detrimental effects of negative environments are defined as resilient (Cicchetti, 1993; Luthar, 2006). However, DST argues that these children could seem resilient because they are just not very â€Å"plastic† or malleable. If this is indeed true, these children would therefore be very unlikely to benefit from highly supportive rearing environments should they be provided with them (Belsky Pluess, 2009b). As such, DST extends the diathesis-stress model by drawing focus on investigating how personal characteristics moderate the effects of positive environmental contexts on positive well-being. One additional advantage of DST is that it offers a new advancement in the treatment of psychopathology. There is great potential in screening patients for intervention on the basis of neurobiological susceptibility (Ellis et al., 2011). DST predicts varying sizes of intervention effects across participants, depending on both the â€Å"plasticity† of individuals and the mode of intervention. Many experimental interventions on parenting and child care have confirmed the above prediction (e.g., Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Mesman, Alink, Juffer, 2008; Cassidy et al., 2011). Furthermore, current evidence does not strongly support the case that some people are completely not susceptible to the positive effects of any intervention. As such, it would be better to understand neurobiological susceptibility as a continuous dimension rather than categorically (susceptible vs not susceptible). Caspi et al.’s (2003) G x E study showed that those homozygous for the short s erotonin-transporter allele suffered most from stressful life events, those homozygous for the long allele suffered the least while heterozygotes (carrying one short and one long allele) fell in between. The above knowledge could help inform the design of treatment policies and programs tailored to the specific needs of people with differing â€Å"plasticity†. Despite the exciting promise of DST, it is important to note that it is a relatively new theory in need of much future research to shed light on many areas. Owing to the length constraint of this essay, only a few notable areas will be discussed. Firstly, it is currently unclear how differential susceptibility is regulated by neurobiological (genotypic, endophenotypic, and behavioral) mechanisms (Ellis et al., 2011). Future research on the relationships between the different levels of mechanisms would help to greatly shape programs and interventions to benefit patients of different â€Å"plasticity†. Secondly, future research should focus on elucidating how for better and for worse processes unfold. For example, it could be possible that neurobiologically susceptible children are better at detecting and capitalizing on positive opportunities (e.g., taking advice from a teacher, forging strong friendships) to achieve positive outcomes in supportive environments. Such knowledge would once again help to shape intervention programs. For example, interventors can specifically highlight positive opportunities mentioned above to neurobiologically susceptible children from adverse environments that are recently provided with more positive environments. In conclusion, this essay has explored the main features of DST and shown how understanding DST is crucial in understanding how to prevent psychopathology and improve wellbeing. Further studies, however, are required to bridge the existing gaps in this field.

Health Care Museum Essay

My proposal for a new health care hall of fame museum would include several things. My museum will pay tribute to the five most significant developments in the evolution of health care in the United States. These developments has helped change and save the lives of many people. Exhibit 1: Vaccines and Medications Vaccines and Medications are very important. With these two we have had a significant decrease in the number of people that were hospitalized or caused death. With the â€Å"advances in medical science† you can be protected against more diseases. Medicines can either heal, prevent, or stop diseases or a sickness. Medicine can be used in the form of a tablet, syrup, drugs, and exercise. When we get sick we take medicine for many different reasons. With the help of medicine it will â€Å"restore us back to normal†. Exhibit 2: Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease If you do not have control of infectious diseases from spreading, then we all can be at risk of a big epidemic of disease that are contagious. You have different community partners and health care providers that work with people to discuss the pros and cons of the infectious diseases. We all should work together to prevent the spreading of any kind of germ. This can be something as simple as washing your hands more frequently throughout the day. You would also use vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Exhibit 3: Technology Technology is a great advancement for the health fields, especially now that it is improving every day. Technology has become an important source to obtain medical information. Everyone is using technology on so many  different ways. They are using it to reach â€Å"wider populations,† contact with patients, public awareness, community outreach, and any questions that you may have medically, you can chat with doctors and nurses online as well. Exhibit 4: Medical Equipment Medical Equipment is something I choose, because with the different types of medical equipment it can save many lives. You have different types of medical equipment. â€Å"Diagnostic medical imaging machines† are used to help with diagnosis. MRI, Ultrasound, CT scanner equipment is used to maintain a person’s function. These are just some of the medical equipment’s. You also have other machines that monitor your vital organs in your body. Like EKG machines to monitor your heart, lung and dialysis machines. Exhibit 5: Oxygen Oxygen is needed by all living organism. Without oxygen humans will not be able to survive. In institutions like hospitals, they keep a supply of oxygen in stock that is provided to patients who have difficulty breathing. We must take care of ourselves in order to have a longer life span and in order to live healthy. All of my exhibits that are presented to you, I feel are very important and vital in the health care field. These are all thing that we need in the health care and in order to survive. Reference 1. Health Statistics. Health U.S. 2010: With Special features on death and dying. Hyattsville MD:CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011

Compare and Contrast the Marketing Strategies of Li Ning

English Language Centre Cover Sheet | Draft| X| Course Work Submission| Put an X in the box to show whether this is a draft or a credit-bearing coursework assignment Full Name (in pinyin)| | Yinqin Wang| English Name (optional)| | | ID Number| 1101133| Class (e. g. Y2_EEE_A1)| Y2_BAD_A2| Programme| Business Administration| Module Code| EAP105|Assignment Title| Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally| Submission Deadline| 22 October 2012 before 20:00| EAP Tutor’s Name| Jacqueline Banki| Final Word Count| 1057| I certify that: * I have read and understood the University’s definitions of COLLUSION and PLAGIARISM (available on p. 31 of the current Academic Student Handbook of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University and in the 2011 ELC Student Handbook Appendix 2, 4, and 5).With reference to these definitions, I certify that: * I have not colluded with any other student in the preparation and production of this work; * thi s document has been written solely by me and in my own words except where I have clearly indicated and acknowledged that I have quoted or used figures from published or unpublished sources (including the web); * where appropriate, I have provided an honest statement of the contributions made to my work by other people including technical and other support staff.I understand that unauthorised collusion and the incorporation of material from other works without acknowledgement (plagiarism) are serious disciplinary offences. By uploading my assignment onto ICE, I formally declare that all the above statements are true. Scoring – For Teachers Use (teachers may change descriptor labels below as needed)| Marker| Initials| C| O| G| V| R| Final Mark| First – red pen| | | | | | | | Second – green pen| | | | | | | | Third (if needed)| | | | | | | | For Academic Office Use| Other Penalties|Date Received| Days Late| Late Penalty| Marker Initials| Format (Y/N)| Plagiarism Co de| Collusion Code| | | | 1. | | | | | | | 2. | | | | Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally With Chinese economy developing rapidly recent years and the huge success of 2008 Beijing Olympics, Chinese sportswear market has emerged a blooming scene. Not only the mighty foreign brands such as Nike and Adidas win the favor of Chinese people, which took 10. 5% and 7. % of mainland sportswear transactions respectively in 2011, the domestic brands such as Li Ning and Anta also occupy large market share (China Daily, 2012). Li Ning, the Chinese domestic sportswear brand which bears the name of renowned Chinese gymnastic athlete Li Ning, acts a leading role in Chinese sportswear market. Only secondly to Adidas, Li Ning possesses 7. 2% market share and keeps expanding (China Daily, 2012). Not satisfied with its immense domestic achievement, Li Ning strives for more enormous stage and switches its target to international market since 2011.Not ably, on the one hand, the domestic marketing strategies of Li Ning, such as opening and streamlining numerous retail stores, are somehow quite different from the international strategies like using e-commerce approach. On the other hand, the strategies domestically and internationally also share several similarities like attaching importance to branding. The emphasis of this essay is to compare and contrasts the domestic and international marketing strategies of Li Ning. Although to some extent few of these strategies are alike, Li Ning has largely followed diverse approaches domestically and internationally.To begin with, there are some similarities between the market strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally, such as investing more in branding to cultivate its long-term competitiveness. Specifically, both domestic and international strategies take steps to sponsor famed athletes or sports team to advertise the high quality and advanced functionality of its products, which aims to make people hold a favorable impression of Li Ning. For instance, in 2012 London Olympics, various overseas medal candidates like Spain’s basketball team were signed with Li Ning (Brandchannel, 2012).Also, Li Ning grasped Chinese top gold medal forecasts in multifarious sports events like ping pong and badminton, which includes Lin Dan and Wu Mingxia who enjoy the high popularity among Chinese people (Brandchannel, 2012). Especially, the athletes who are sponsored by Li Ning are inspired to publicize Li Ning not only by wearing its products. For example, immediately after Lin Dan won the gold though the spectacular final game, the logo of Li Ning at the jersey of Lin was tugged to display a gesture of appreciations, which makes the effect of advertising cracking (Brandchannel, 2012).Furthermore, domestic strategies are also similar to international strategies in targeting young generations. Domestically, Li Ning replaced old logo and slogan to make the brand mor e abut to the generation born after 1990s as well as establishes new â€Å"sixth-generation stores† which attracting young clients (China Daily, 2011). World widely, Li Ning also focuses on young people because they are unbiased to Chinese brands, accustomed to shopping online and generally spend so much time surfing the Internet, which opportunely corresponds to the e-commerce strategy of Li Ning (Ad Age, 2011).Although the domestic and international strategies share some similarities, they nevertheless employ fundamentally different approaches in a number of key areas, such as using different channels to sell products. In other words, the strategies domestically direct to sell inventories mainly in solid shops, whereas the international strategies prefer using e-commerce, event marketing and digital media. In detail, numerous retail shops spread all over China are owned by Li Ning.Also, confronted the cooling Chinese economy in recent times, in order to raise the efficiency of entity sales, the company adopts measures that streamlining the network of the retail stores and entering lower tiers cities to speed eliminating premium brands by merger and acquisition(China Daily, 2012). When it turns to worldwide, to shun retail channels, Li Ning established its appropriative e-commerce sites as the only passageway to its products and released a delicate teaser video heavily on its Facebook page and twitter account (Voight, 2012).Also, microsites and events are relied to induce online buzz (Voight, 2012). In addition, the domestic and international strategies are dissimilar in the slogan and the images they are intended to shape. Domestically, Li Ning created a new slogan â€Å"make the change† to indicate that greatness is not undying, only changes can be perpetual, which not only nettles the slogan of Nike â€Å"Live through your greatness†, but also remodels the impression of Chinese people on Li Ning as a more high-end brand (Brandchannel, 2012).Internationally, the slogan â€Å"straight out of new China† demonstrates that its products leverage its rich Chinese culture and are diverse from the cheap, rough made-in-China goods as old perception considered (Voight, 2012). Furthermore, with regards to new marketing segments need to be expanded, Li Ning focus on Children garment domestically while women market segment internationally. Cooperated with local children garment firm Paclantic to design more attractive children sports and leisure clothing, the clothes could be sold in the franchised stores and affiliated shops of Li Ning in China (Wang, 2012).Nevertheless, the market segment of women who do not need intramuscular figures and desire equal positions with men are attached importance to by the international strategies of Li Ning (Warc, 2011). In summary, this essay has made comparisons and contrasts between the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally. The domestic strategies, like th e international ones, have strong sponsor awareness and also aim to attract younger generations.Despite that the international and domestic strategies have to some degree implemented similar strategies; essentially approaches are adopted in crucial areas, such as using different slogans, selling products by different channels and expanding different market segments. Although the e-commerce method ingeniously avoids complex retail channels internationally and the notion to achieve long-term profits domestically seem to be reasonable, Li Ning may ot achieve so many profits as they expected, because its vague brand positioning might cause the confusion and misconstrue of domestic people and its international consumers may despise Li Ning for its imitative logo and slogan which have some resemblance to Nike and Adidas. It is suggested that Li Ning should slow down its expansion and invest more to raise the quality and make some innovations instead of having large inventories discounted as a result of expanding too fast. Also, to have explicit brand positioning is crucial.Nonetheless, as Li Ning keeps adjusting corresponded to the changing situation and creating new products, it is too early to definitively judge whether Li Ning will have a promising future. References list Ad Age (2011). China's Li-Ning Takes on Nike, Adidas With U. S. E-Commerce Site. [online]  New York: Ad Age. Available from: http://adage. com/article/cmo-interviews/china-s-li-ning-takes-nike-u-s-e-commerce-site/231642/. (Accessed 12 October 2012) Brandchannel (2012). London 2012: Success as Li-Ning ‘Makes a Change' in Olympics Strategy. [online] New York: brandchannel. Available from: http://www. randchannel. com/home/post/2012/08/13/London-2012-Li-Ning-081312. aspx. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) China Daily (2011). Li Ning expects business to slow. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/bizchina/2011-01/18/content_11874065. htm. (Accessed: 12 Octo ber 2012) China Daily (2012). China's sportswear brands nurse Olympics hangover. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/londongames/2012-07/02/content_15542591. htm. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Voight, J. (2012). Video Is Lifeblood of Li-Ning's ‘New China' Sneaker Launch. online] Charlotte: ClickZ. Available from: http://www. clickz. com/clickz/news/2166538/video-lifeblood-li-nings-china-snea ker-launch. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Warc (2011). Li-Ning plans global push. [online] London: Warc. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li-Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52;q. ( Accessed: 12 October 2012) Wang, W. (2012). Li Ning rejoins race in children's wear market. [online] Beijing: China Daily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-05/12/content_15276320. htm. (Accessed: 12 October 2012) Compare and Contrast the Marketing Strategies of Li Ning Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally With the development of Chinese economy, sports industry has become one of the new industries in china, which has large market size and high growth rate (Qinqin, n. d. ). In Chinese sports area, Li Ning brand, built by famous gymnast Li Ning (Enright, 2012), is the market leader and owns about 8000 hypostatic shops domestically (Zhang,2011). Similar to some international famous brands like Nike and Adidas, Li Ning intends to enhance influence by exploring international market (Sauer, 2012).For this reason, the essay will compare and contrast the marketing strategies of Li Ning domestically and internationally. A close look at the sources available, it seems that the topic could be analyzed from the internal aspect such as sales methods, promotion and the external aspect such as consumption concept and competition. The essay will compare and analyze Li Ning’s marketing strategies by the in ternal and external aspects’ factors. From the internal perspective, there are two main sales strategies should be considered as follows: sales methods and promotion.In regard to sales methods, Li Ning implements entity sales and e-commerce sales at home and abroad simultaneously (Anon, 2011a, Voight, 2012 and Zhang, 2011). Nevertheless, the focus of sales methods might be different considering the contrasting name reputation domestically and internationally. Li Ning, named after china’s gold-medaling gymnast, is very famous in china, especially after the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing (Enright, 2012). As typical local brand with high name reputation, Li Ning chooses entity sales as its main way of sale domestically and there are almost 8000 hypostatic shops in china (Zhang, 2011).Whereas the name Li Ning perhaps unfamiliar in the West. For instance, the marketing firm tested the brand with U. S. customers and the result shows that brand awareness was almost 0% (Enright , 2012). Rather than seeing it as a bad thing, Li Ning sees it as a launch point to â€Å"upgrade the brand image and win recognition from consumers† (Zhang, 2011). What is why â€Å"Li-Ning is planning to concentrate on the new online portal before opening more brick-and-mortar stores† in U. S. market (Anon, 2011a). In order to achieve more name reputation and higher sales, Li Ning fixes much attention n another sales strategy, promotion, as well. Both foreign and domestic, Li Ning has been paying much attention to Olympic Games and sports super stars (Anon, 2011b and Sauer, 2012). At home, since 1992 in Barcelona, China’s Olympic terms have chosen Li Ning as a fixture and the brand still counts on gold-medal terms such as Chinese ping pong, shooting gymnastics and badminton teams (Anon, 2011b). Overseas, Li Ning was the 30th Olympic Games sponsorship in 2012 (Sauer, 2012) and invited NBA All-Star teams players to speak for it (Anon, 2011b).Moreover, according to different national culture, Li Ning even used different slogans to appeal to the nationalist fervor. For instance, where the word â€Å"you† was used by Nike in America, Li Ning chose the slogan â€Å"we can† domestically and â€Å"the moment† for international audience (Anon, 2011b). On the other hand, in external aspect, Li Ning has taken a series of measures to deal with two social problems: target groups and fierce competition (Anon, 2011a, Ranasinghe, 2012 and Zhang, 2011). With the rapid development of internationalization, various views on Chinese goods have been published.In china, instead of praising highly local brand, Chinese customers are worried about the Chinese sports brand’s store quality is not equal to the brand's quantity (Zhang, 2011), preferring internationally famous brands like Nike and Adidas (Ranadinghe, 2012) and transforming the cost from sports to food and beverage (Ranasinghe, 2012). On abroad, although some older consumers usually think of China-made products as fakes or knockoffs, younger consumers do not see Chinese products as second-class or counterfeits (Enright, 2012).Regarding the situation, in recent years, Li Ning has been trying to make the brand more youthful and upmarket (Anon, 2011b). For the new strategy, Li Ning not only created a new logo and new slogans but also launched many new products with a better outlook and quality, which aimed to appeal to domestic and foreign younger generation (Zhang, 2011). Furthermore, Li Ning has managed to expand to different areas at home and internationally as well (Anon, 2011a, Anon 2011b and Wen, 2012).In view of China’s family planning policy, Li Ning has rejoined the battle of children’s garments by cooperated with another company in Tianjin (Wen, 2012). In consideration of the case that many foreign customers have great curiosity about eastern culture (Voight, 2012); Li Ning puts brand international feeling over oriental theme (Zhan g, 2012). For example, in March 2012, Li Ning promoted a pair of men’s basketball shoes with the Chinese dragon pattern which was a limited edition on Facebook, and then the tremendous crowds to Li Ning’s website led it to collapse (Voight, 2012).In addition, Women have become another one of the main target groups of Li Ning overseas (Anon, 2011a). Next, the second problem Li Ning is facing is the large-scale competition with local brands and international brands domestically and internationally (Anon, 2011a et al). The fierce competition â€Å"not only has it been forced to scale back its plans for world domination, but it also now finds itself at risk in its home market against domestic rivals like Peak and 361 °, but also with global heavy hitters Nike and Adidas† (Sauer, 2012).The difference is that language might be the main barrier Li Ning needs to face in international market (Zhang, 2012). With a view to the situation, on the one hand, Li Ning decided to slow the pace of new openings and close some inefficient stores to curtail expense and store energy (Ranasinghe, 2012); on the other hand, Li Ning would enter the second-tier cities to achieve next phase of growth (Anon, 2012). To sum up, in internal aspect, Li Ning chooses both entity sales and e-commerce sales at home and abroad. Different focuses are determined due to large name reputation difference.To achieve more popularity, Li Ning focuses on Olympic Games and sports super stars with different slogans. Furthermore, in external aspect, facing the customers’ different consumption views on Chinese brands domestically and internationally, Li Ning transforms its attention to younger people and set new different target groups both domestic and foreign. Li Ning has been facing increased competition with global names and local rivals, and what is why Li Ning determines to slow the pace of new openings and enter the second-tier cities.In future, Li Ning could make greater br eakthrough by implementing brand strategy, constructing international brand image, developing technology innovation and improving enterprises’ core competitiveness (Zhang, 2012). References: Anon. (2011a) Li-Ning plans global push [online] London Warc. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li-Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52= (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Anon. (2011b) China's Li-Ning Takes on Nike, Adidas With U.S. E-Commerce Site [online] New York Ad Age. Available from: http://adage. com/article/cmo-interviews/china-s-li-ning-takes-nike-u-s-e-commerce-site/231642/ (Accessed: 3 October 2012) Anon. (2012) China's sportswear brands nurse Olympics hangover [online] China Chinadaily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/londongames/2012-07/02/content_15542591. htm (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Enright, A. (2012) Li-Ning makes its U. S. debut [online] Chicago Internetretailer.Available from: http://www. interne tretailer. com/2012/01/16/li-ning-makes-its-us-debut (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Qinqin, D. (n. d. ) Comparative analysis of Chinese and Western Sporting Goods Enterprises’ Growth Pattern. Wuhan, China: Dept. of Sports Economics & Management, Wuhan Inst. of P. E. Ranasinghe, D. (2012) No Medals for China’s Sportswear Firms [online] US CNBC. Accessed from: http://www. cnbc. com/id/48454835/No_Medals_for_China_s_Sportswear_Firms (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Sauer, A. 2012) London 2012: Success as Li-Ning ‘Makes a Change' in Olympics Strategy [online] London Brandchannel. Available from: http://www. warc. com/Content/News/Li Ning_plans_global_push. content? ID=e7907838-2cd7-4859-ae44-f1695abdbd52= (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Voight, J. (2012) Video Is Lifeblood of Li-Ning's ‘New China' Sneaker Launch [online] New York Clickz. Available from: http://www. clickz. com/clickz/news/2166538/video-lifeblood-li-nings-china-sneaker-launch (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Wen , W. 2012) Li Ning rejoins race in children's wear market [online] China Chinadaily. Available from: http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-05/12/content_15276320. htm (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Zhang, D. (2011) Li-Ning sportswear looks to win overseas [online] London BBC. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-12665597 (Accessed: 3 October 2012). Zhang, X. (2012) ‘Marketing Plan for Li-Ning Product Expansion in UK’, Lecture Notes in Information Technology, Vol(14), Wuhan, China: Dept. of Sports Economics & Management, Wuhan Inst. of P. E.